Sources Used

English, Old English, etc.

Bosworth and Toller. An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898), available from http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oe_bosworthtoller_about.html.

Cottle, Basil. Dictionary of Surnames. Penguin, 1978.

Evans, Cleveland Kent. The Great Big Book of Baby Names. Publications International, 2006.

Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford, 2003.

Reaney, P. H. and R. M. Wilson. A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford, 1997.

Searle, William George. Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum. Cambridge, 1897.

Withycombe, Elizabeth Gidley. The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names. Oxford, 1945.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, available from https://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/angsax.asp.

Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England, available from http://www.pase.ac.uk/jsp/index.jsp.

Arabic

Ahmed, Salahuddin. A Dictionary of Muslim Names. New York University, 1999.

Al-Ja'fari, Fatimah Suzanne. Digest of Muslim Names. Amana Publications, 1997.

Hakeem, Ahmed A. A Treasury of Favorite Muslim Names. Pearl Publications, 1997.

Wehr, Hans. A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic. Spoken Language Services, 1979.

Biblical

Kohlenberger III, John R. NIV Compact Nave's Topical Bible. Zondervan, 1993.

Strong, James. The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible. New York, 1890.

Blue Letter Bible, available from https://www.blueletterbible.org.

Church Slavonic Bible, available from http://www.sbible.ru/slavpdf.htm.

Oxford Study Bible. Oxford, 1992.

Celtic, Irish, Welsh, etc.

Black, George Fraser. The Surnames of Scotland. New York: New York Public Library, 1946.

Bromwich, Rachel. Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain. 4th ed., University of Wales, 2014.

Dixon-Kennedy, Mike. Celtic Myth & Legend. Blandford, 1996.

Flanagan, Laurence. Favourite Irish Names for Children. Gill and Macmillan, 1993.

Koch, John T. Celto-Germanic, available from https://www.wales.ac.uk/Resources/Documents/Centre/2020/Celto-Germanic2020.pdf.

MacBain, Alexander. An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, available from http://www.ceantar.org/Dicts/MB2/.

MacFarlane, Malcolm. The School Gaelic Dictionary. Stirling: Eneas Mackay, 1912.

MacKillop, James. Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. Oxford, 1998.

Mark, Colin. The Gaelic-English Dictionary. Routledge, 2003.

Matasović, Ranko. Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic. Brill, 2009.

O'Brien, Kathleen M. Index of Names in Irish Annals, available from https://medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/index.shtml.

Ó Corráin, Donnchadh and Fidelma Maguire. Irish Names. Lilliput Press, 1992.

Woulfe, Patrick. Irish Names And Surnames, available from https://www.libraryireland.com/names/contents.php.

Am Faclair Beag, available from https://www.faclair.com/.

An Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, available from http://www.dil.ie/.

Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, available from https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/.

Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, available from https://www.geiriadur.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html.

Germanic, Norse, etc.

Bielefeld, Knud. Beliebte Vornamen, available from https://www.beliebte-vornamen.de/.

Drosdowski, Günther. Duden Lexikon der Vornamen. Mannheim, 1968.

Förstemann, Ernst. Altdeutsches Namenbuch. Bonn, 1900.

Köbler, Gerhard. Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, available from https://www.koeblergerhard.de/ahdwbhin.html.

Köbler, Gerhard. Altsächsisches Wörterbuch, available from https://www.koeblergerhard.de/aswbhinw.html.

Köbler, Gerhard. Altniederfränkisches Wörterbuch, available from https://www.koeblergerhard.de/anfrkwbhinw.html.

Köbler, Gerhard. Gotisches Wörterbuch, available from https://www.koeblergerhard.de/gotwbhin.html.

Kohlheim, Rosa and Volker Kohlheim. Duden Lexikon der Vornamen. Mannheim, 2007.

Kroonen, Guus. Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Brill, 2013.

Nieuwenhuijsen, Kees. Names in the Low Countries before 1150, available from http://www.keesn.nl/names/index.html.

Orel, Vladimir. A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Brill, 2003.

Peterson, Lena. Nordiskt runnamnslexikon. Uppsala, 2007.

Nederlandse Familienamenbank, available from https://www.cbgfamilienamen.nl/nfb/.

Nederlandse Voornamenbank, available from https://nvb.meertens.knaw.nl.

Nordic Names Wiki, available from https://www.nordicnames.de/wiki/Main_Page.

Viking Answer Lady Webpage, available from https://www.vikinganswerlady.com/ONNames.shtml.

Greek

Liddell, Scott and Jones. A Greek–English Lexicon, available from http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/resolveform.

Greek Mythology Link, available from https://www.maicar.com/GML/.

Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, available from https://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/publications/.

Indian

Gandhi, Maneka. Hindu Names. Penguin, 1992.

Monier-Williams, Monier. Sanskrit-English Dictionary, available from https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/index.php.

Indigenous American

Boot, Erik. Classic Maya Vocabulary of Hieroglyphic Readings, available from https://www.mesoweb.com/resources/vocabulary/Vocabulary-2009.01.pdf.

Wall, Leon and William Morgan. Navajo-English Dictionary, available from https://digscholarship.unco.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=navajo.

Cheyenne Dictionary, available from http://cdkc.edu/cheyennedictionary/lexicon/main.htm.

Greenlandic to English Dictionary, available from http://2010.polarhusky.com/media/cms/investigate/StudyResources/EnglishKalaallisutDictionary.pdf.

Nahuatl Dictionary, available from https://nahuatl.uoregon.edu/.

Latin, Romance, etc.

Uckelman, Sara L. Names in the 1292 census of Paris, available from https://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/1292paris.pdf.

Vaan, Michiel de. Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages. Brill, 2008.

Cognomi Italiani, available from http://www.ganino.com/cognomi_italiani_a.

Dictionnaire Étymologique de l'Ancien Français, available from https://deaf-server.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/.

Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE: French name statistics), available from https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2540004.

Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE: Spanish name statistics), available from https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177009&menu=resultados&idp=1254734710990.

Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT: Italian name statistics), available from https://www.istat.it/it/dati-analisi-e-prodotti/contenuti-interattivi/contanomi.

Nomix, available from https://www.nomix.it/mappe-dei-nomi-italiani.

Nova Roma: Roman Name, available from http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Roman_name.

Mythology & Literature

Bruce, Christopher. Arthurian Name Dictionary, available from http://www.zendonaldson.com/twilight/camelot/bruce_dictionary/index.htm.

Cotterell, Arthur and Rachel Storm. Ultimate Encyclopedia of Classical Mythology. Select Editions, 2000.

Turner, Patricia and Charles Russell Coulter. Dictionary of Ancient Deities. Oxford, 2000.

Slavic

Benson, Morton. Dictionary of Russian Personal Names. Cambridge, 1992.

Derksen, Rick. Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon. Brill, 2008.

Goldschmidt, Paul. A Dictionary of Period Russian Names, available from https://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/.

Medieval Icon Art, available from https://www.icon-art.info/gallery.php?lng=en.

Turkish

Other

Haddadou, M. A.. Recueil de Prenoms Amazighs. Algiers, 2003.

Lawson, Edwin. Pronunciation and Meaning of Azeri Names, available from http://edwinlawson.com/azerinames/index.html.

Lawson, Edwin. Pronunciation and Meaning of Estonian Names, available from http://edwinlawson.com/estoniannames/index.html.

Lin Shan. What's in a Chinese Name. Federal Publications, 1986.

Musere, Jonathan. Traditional African Names. Scarecrow Press, 2000.

O'Neill, P. G. Japanese Names. Weatherhill, 1989.

Akkadian Dictionary, available from http://www.assyrianlanguages.org/akkadian/index_en.php.

Zoroastrian Names, available from http://www.avesta.org/znames.htm.

General

Everett-Heath, John. World Place Names. Oxford, 2005.

Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of First Names. Oxford, 1990.

Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford, 1998.

Pokorny, Julius. Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Francke, 1959.

Sheard, K. M. Llewellyn's Complete Book of Names. Llewellyn, 2017.

Uckelman, Sara L, ed. Dictionary of Medieval Names from European Sources, available from https://dmnes.org/names.

Catholic Online: Saints, available from https://www.catholic.org/saints/stindex.php.

Forebears, available from https://forebears.io/forenames.

Friesian School: Dynasties and Lists of Rulers, available from https://www.friesian.com/histindx.htm.

Medieval Names Archive, available from https://s-gabriel.org/names/index.shtml.

Online Etymology Dictionary, available from https://www.etymonline.com/.

Wikipedia, available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page.

Wiktionary, available from https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Main_Page.

People

I have also received help from people who have frequented this website. I would especially like to thank:

  • Bjoern Fredrik Meyer from Norway for all of the Scandinavian names
  • Costas Skandalis from Athens for the Greek and Latin name corrections
  • Noam Hendren from Israel
  • Hopalong on A.O.L. for the Slavic names
  • Jörg Benscheidt from Germany for all of the variations of George/Jörg
  • L. Mulry Tetlow for the information on Moses
  • Dr. Denis Constales from Belgium for numerous corrections
  • Hormazed Limbuwala for the Persian names
  • Hartmut Haberland from Germany for his thoughts on Catherine and Heidrun
  • Aki Ozawa in Japan for the information on Japanese names
  • Lucjan for the Polish name variants
  • Gilbert B. Cote for the notes on the Greek names
  • Blair Miles for miscellaneous corrections
  • Teuvo for the Finnish names
  • Wlodzimierz for Polish names and Slavic name elements
  • Wolf-Dieter Schubert for more German names than I know what to do with
  • BlessedG for her idea
  • Nina M for random corrections
  • Faith Rudin for her extremely exhaustive lists
  • Anthony Ferry for his thoughts on Irish names
  • Ivanka from Hamburg, Germany for her big list of names
  • Aleksandra for the Polish names and corrections
  • Guido Buldrini for the Italian names
  • Christiana for the huge list of names
  • Vesa Lehtinen for the huge list of Finnish names
  • Pavlos, Nanaea, and Daividh for earning the title OnomaMasters of Behindthename.com!
  • Selwyn for the Danish monarchy info, and Selwyn and Phyllis for the Shakespeare info
  • Anna Golitsyna for her notes on Russian names
  • My friend Marta from Barcelona for the info on Spanish and Catalan names
  • Charlotte for the Welsh nature names
  • Nanaea for the Esperanto names
  • Nanaea for the Gothic names for the random name generator
  • Károly Tutajos for many corrections to the Hungarian entries
  • Golsa for the list of Iranian names
  • Eduardo Porcher for many Portuguese and Armenian names
  • Ramona for the list of Romanian names
  • Michaela for the Czech name corrections
  • Hedwig for the Dutch name corrections
  • Elder for his orderly list of missing Portuguese names
  • Vasilica for his complete list of Romanian names
  • Great 1 for lists of Croatian names
  • Zvonimir for various notes on Slavic names
  • Kristján for some Icelandic names
  • Fredrika from Sweden for corrections
  • Berker from Turkey for additions
  • Cro Man for his well-organized list of Croatian names
  • Tomislav for corrections to the Croatian and Serbian names
  • Shingayi for the Shona names
  • Matti from Finland for the list of Finnish names
  • Araceli for the Galician names
  • Bostjan for the fantastic list of Slovenian names
  • Carol from Brazil for the Portuguese names and corrections
  • Kati for the Finnish names
  • Narinoc for the popular Hungarian names
  • Gabor K. for the corrections to the Hungarian names
  • Sugarcubebabe7 for the many Basque names
  • Marjolijn for the Dutch and Frisian names and pronunciations
  • Patrick for the Hungarian name help
  • Riina from Toronto for the Estonian names
  • Miranda, Lala, Chrisell and Mirfak for helping to moderate the message boards!
  • Andy ;~) (with the long nose) for notes and clarifications on various names
  • Ivayla for several emails re Bulgarian names over the years (and for her helpful website)
  • E. MacKenna for the Irish and Welsh names
  • Sissi for the Greenlandic names
  • Blerta for some Albanian names
  • Franc for the scans of the Slovenian name dictionary
  • Erika for the list of Estonian names
  • Maddy for the Japanese names and meanings
  • P. N. Hobma for some missing Dutch and Frisian names
  • Tsukiko Takahashi for the Japanese names
  • Countless users for attaching helpful comments to the names
  • Claudia Segger for help transcribing and explaining ALL the Japanese names!
  • Lucille for filling a good part of the submitted names database, and for the Limburgish names!
  • X-Mar for beta-testing
  • Sanja aka Sofia for the comprehensive lists of Croatian names
  • Goricar for the Croatian name notes
  • Nikki for the Macedonian names
  • Maja for the Serbian name additions
  • Maks for sourcing and compiling several popularity lists
  • The editors of the submitted names database for molding raw data into onomastic gold!