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Yes, though some of the names are transcribed differently due to pronunciation differences between ancient Greek and modern Greek:

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet#Sound_values (in English)

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The name you mentioned is a good example of this. The ancient Greek form of Aristotle is Ἀριστοτέλης (Aristoteles). It is written virtually the same in modern Greek (Αριστοτέλης), but transcribed as Aristotelis in reflection of the phonetic change that the Greek letter η (eta) has undergone over the centuries. A famous modern Greek bearer of the name is Aristotelis Onasis (1906-1975), whose name is usually anglicized to Aristotle Onassis.

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You see the same kind of phenomenon with Socrates: Σωκρᾰ́της (Sokrates) in ancient Greek, but Σωκράτης (Sokratis) in modern Greek.

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For a nice general impression of ancient (and also late i.e. early medieval) Greek names that still see some use in modern Greece (or at least up until the late 20th century), see the archived version of the Greek name website Etymologica:

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http://web.archive.org/web/20120324121232/http://www.etymologica.com/index.htm (in English; be sure to scroll down and read the section titled Greek Names: Surviving a Paradigm Shift!)

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It was created by Pavlos, a native Greek who used to frequent this board up until a few years ago. There are some transcription errors here and there, but overall the website is pretty reliable and provides one with decent insight into the kind of names that you can expect to see in modern Greece.

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Forchta in biuonga quamon ouer mi, in bethecoda mi thuisternussi.
In ic quad: "uuie sal geuan mi fetheron also duuon, in ic fliugon sal in raston sal?"