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Téllez (1828-1890) may have invented most of the names of her characters, but not necessarily Staurofila.

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The name Staurofila already appears in Camino real de la cruz (1721), which is one of the earliest Spanish translations of Regia Via Crucis (1635), an important counter-reformation devotional emblem book written by the Dutch-born Flemish Benedictine monk Benedictus van Haeften (1588-1648). It was his most important work and was translated thirteen times (among others into Dutch, French, German and Spanish). The main character of his book is called Staurophila, whose name was hispanicized to Staurofila in the Spanish translations of the book. In the Dutch and German translations her name remains Staurophila, whilst in the French translations it became Staurophile.

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Given the religious nature of Téllez' novel, it is within the realm of possibility that Téllez read Camino real de la cruz during her life and was ultimately inspired to name the protagonist of her novel after the main character of that book.

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Sources used:
• http://www.cartusiana.org/node/4831 (in Dutch)
• https://www.quaritch.com/books/haeften-benedictus-van/regia-via-crucis/C1888/ (in English)
• https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedictus_van_Haeften#Regia_via_crucis (in Spanish; also mentions Staurofila)
• Camino real de la cruz (1721): https://books.google.de/books?id=B6JyFHU8DegC&pg=PA7 (in Spanish; this is one of the pages of the book where you can see that the main character is called Staurofila in Spanish)

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Forchta in biuonga quamon ouer mi, in bethecoda mi thuisternussi.
In ic quad: "uuie sal geuan mi fetheron also duuon, in ic fliugon sal in raston sal?"