I *think*
Osip (and
Iosif) were predominantly used by Russian Jews. The most famous
Osip I can think of is Mandelstam, who was Jewish. Neither Iosip or
Osip currently chart in Russia, but that's not particularly helpful information, as only Moscow data is published, and only the fifty most common name at that.
masculine list:
https://www.behindthename.com/pnl/191050/124079feminine list:
https://www.behindthename.com/pnl/191050/124080