Dorset(Settlement)Medieval English named after Dorchester, 'Roman Town with Fist-Sized Pebbles'; that was after the Romans had named it Durnovaria, which probably means "Place with Fist-Sized Pebbles"
Kahoolawe(Island)Hawaiian "The" + "to Subtract, Erode" ... the only uninhabited island in Hawaii
Mosul(Settlement)Arabic "the Joined," in reference to a bridge & ford over the Tigris
Nagasaki(Political Subdivision & Settlement)Japanese From Japanese 長 (naga) meaning "long" and 崎 (saki) meaning "cape". This is the name of a city in Japan, as well as the prefecture in which the city is located.
Therasia(Island)Greek western island of 'Santorini' (a.k.a. Thera), all my 'research' ties it to the given name Theresa (which is also related to words that mean "Summer" and/or "Harvest.")