Belgium(Country)English, Hungarian, Malay From Latin Belgica, a province in the Roman Empire. Since 1830 this is the name of a country in western Europe. Dutch and French are the main spoken languages.
Britain(Island)English From Britannia, the Latin name for the island of Great Britain, the land of the Britons. It derives from the name of the Britons, recorded in Greek in the 4th century BC as Πρεττανική (Prettanike), and reconstructed as Proto-Brythonic *Pritanī, possibly meaning "tattooed people".
Bulgaria(Country)Late Roman, English, Spanish, Italian, Indonesian, Malay From the name of the Turkic tribe of the Bulgars, possibly from a Turkic root meaning "mixed". This is the name of a country in southeastern Europe.
Croatia(Country)English, Late Roman From Croatian Hrvatska, from medieval Slavic Khorvatu, of unknown meaning. This is the name of a country in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe.
Czechia(Country)English English form of Čechy (via Polish Czechy), used as an alternative name for the Czech Republic (and not as a name for Bohemia).
Czechoslovakia(Country)English Combination of Czechia and Slovakia. This was the name of a country that existed between 1918 and 1993, at which time it split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Denmark(Country)English From Danish Danmark, derived from the ethnic name Dane, which is possibly from Germanic den meaning "low ground", combined with mark meaning "borderland". This is the name of a country in northern Europe.
England(Country)English, German, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian From Old English Englaland meaning "land of the Angles", the Angles being one of the Germanic tribes that settled in the area in the post-Roman period. This is the name of a country (part of the United Kingdom) on the southern portion of the island of Great Britain. The United Kingdom is sometimes (inaccurately) referred to as England.
Estonia(Country)English, Italian, Spanish, Indonesian, Malay, Late Roman From Estonian eesti meaning "Estonian", a word borrowed from Low German in the 17th century. It is of uncertain origin. It could be from a Germanic rendering of the Baltic tribe of the Aesti, mentioned by the Roman historian Tacitus.
Finland(Country)English, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Dutch, Malay From Old Norse Finnr, which referred to the Finn and Sami peoples, combined with land. This is the name of a country in northern Europe, called Suomi in Finnish.
France(Country)French, English From Latin Francia meaning "land of the Franks". The Franks were the Germanic tribe who settled in the region in the 3rd century. They derived their tribal name from the name of a type of spear that they used.
Germany(Country)English From Latin Germania, first attested in the writings of Julius Caesar, used to refer to the areas east of the Rhine and north of the Danube. The origin of the term is uncertain. This is an English exonym corresponding to German Deutschland.
Greece(Country)English English form of Latin Graecia, the name used by the Romans for the land of the Greeks, derived from Greek Γραικός (Graikos), which is of uncertain origin. It is possibly derived from the city of Graia in Boeotia.
Hungary(Country)English From Latin Hungaria, derived from Byzantine Greek Οὔγγροι (Oungroi), from Turkic Onogur meaning "ten tribes". This is the name of a country in eastern Europe that was settled by the Hungarians in the 9th century. Because they were identified with the Huns, the H was added to the beginning of their Latin name. The Hungarian name for the country is Magyarország.
Ireland(Country & Island)English Derived from Irish Gaelic Éire and English land. This is the name of an island to the west of Great Britain. The country of Ireland occupies the majority of the island.
Italy(Country)English Anglicized form of Italia, originally applied by the Greeks to the south of the Italian Peninsula. It may have been borrowed from Oscan Víteliú possibly meaning "land of bulls". According to Roman mythology, the region was named for Italus, though in fact it was he who was named for the region.
Lithuania(Country)English From a Latinized form of Lithuanian Lietuva, possibly derived from the name of the small river Letavka. This is the name of a country in the Baltic region of northern Europe.
Macedonia(Region, Country & Political Subdivision)Ancient Greek (Latinized), English, Italian, Spanish, Romanian, Polish Derived from Greek Μακεδονία (Makedonia), the name of an ancient kingdom and region that was named after the ancient Macedonian people. Their name was derived from Greek μακεδνός (makednos) meaning "tall, thin", which was descriptive of the people or perhaps of where they lived in the highlands.... [more]
Netherlands(Country)English From English nether meaning "lower" and land, referring to the low-lying position of the country. This is the name of a country in northwestern Europe. It is sometimes called Holland in English, though this is properly one of its subregions. In English it is usually referred to using the definite article, the.
Norway(Country)English From Old English Norþweg meaning "north way". This is the name of a country in Scandinavia in northern Europe.
Poland(Country)English From the name of the Slavic tribe of the Poles, derived from the medieval Slavic word polje meaning "field", combined with land. This is the name of a country in eastern Europe.
Romania(Country & Region)English, Italian, Ancient Roman From Latin meaning "land of the Romans" (see Rome). This is the name of a country in eastern Europe, so named in the 16th century because of its historic and linguistic connections to the Roman Empire.... [more]
Russia(Country)English, Italian, Late Roman Derived from the name of the medieval state of Rus. The modern country of Russia includes the eastern portions of Rus, and has also expanded far to the east across Asia.
Scotland(Country)English Means "land of the Scots", from Latin Scoti meaning "Gaelic speaker". This is the name of a country (part of the United Kingdom) in the north of the island of Great Britain.
Slovakia(Country)English, Norwegian, Finnish, Greek From Slovák, the Slovak form of medieval Slavic slovene, referring to the tribe of the Slavs. This is the name of a country in central Europe. Note that the name of this country is closely related to that of Slovenia.
Slovenia(Country)English, Italian, Romanian, Norwegian, Finnish, Greek, Georgian From Slovene, the language of the Slovenes, derived from the medieval Slavic tribal name slovene meaning "Slavs". This is the name of a country in central Europe. Note that the name of this country is closely related to that of Slovakia.
Spain(Country)English Derived from Hispania, the Latin name of the Iberian Peninsula, which is of uncertain origin. It could be derived from Punic I-Shaphan meaning "land of the rabbits".
Sweden(Country)English, Medieval Dutch From Middle Dutch, ultimately from the Old Norse ethnic name Svíar"Swede", itself possibly from Proto-Norse Swihoniz meaning "one's own tribe". This is the name of a country in northern Europe.
Switzerland(Country)English From Switzer, a word meaning "Swiss", ultimately derived from the name of the Swiss town and canton of Schwyz, plus land. This is the name of a country in central Europe.
Turkey(Country)English From Latin Turcia, derived from the ethnonym Turk, which is from Old Turkic possibly meaning "ancestry". This is the name of a country situated on the Anatolian peninsula.