Ancient Origin Place Names

Gethsemane (Region) Biblical
From Γεθσημανί (Gethsemani), the Greek form of an Aramaic place name meaning "oil press". In the New Testament this is the name of the garden where Jesus was arrested, located on the Mount of Olives near Jerusalem.

Gethsemani (Region) Biblical Latin, Biblical Greek
Form of Gethsemane used in the Greek and Latin Bibles.

Gichon (River) Biblical Hebrew
Hebrew form of Gihon.

Gihon (River) Biblical
From Hebrew גיחון (Gichon), derived from גּיחַ (giyach) meaning "to burst forth". According to the Old Testament, this was the name of a river that originated in the Garden of Eden.

Gilad (Region) Hebrew, Biblical Hebrew
Hebrew form of Gilead.

Gilead (Region) Biblical
Means "heap of witness" in Hebrew. This is the name of a mountainous region east of the Jordan River, as mentioned in the Old Testament.

Giordania (Country) Italian
Italian form of Jordan (the country).

Giordano (River) Italian
Italian form of Jordan (the river).

Glympton (Settlement) English
Derived from the name of the river Glyme and Old English tun "enclosure, yard, town". This is the name of small town in Oxfordshire, England.

Gorj (Country) Persian (Archaic)
Archaic Persian name of Georgia 1, possibly from Middle Persian gurg meaning "wolf".

Gorjestan (Country) Persian
From Persian گرج (Gorj) meaning "Georgia (country)" combined with the suffix ستان (stan) meaning "land of". This is the modern Persian name for the country of Georgia.

Górka (Settlement) Polish
From Polish góra meaning "mountain". This is the name of various towns in Poland.

Gotham (Settlement) English, Popular Culture
From Old English gat "goat" and ham "home". This is the name of a town in Nottinghamshire, famous for folk tales about its inhabitants pretending to be imbeciles in order to avoid a visit from the king. Based on this tale, writer Washington Irving applied the name to New York City in his satirical periodical Salmagundi (1807). Subsequently, Gotham or Gotham City was used as the setting of the Batman comics, starting 1940.

Graecia (Country) Ancient Roman
Latin form of Greece.

Graikija (Country) Lithuanian
Lithuanian form of Graecia (see Greece).

Grainville (Settlement) French
Means "Guarin's town" in Old French. This is the name of various towns in Normandy.

Grantham (Settlement) English
From Old English grand meaning "gravel" and ham meaning "home, estate, settlement". This is the name of a town in Lincolnshire.

Grèce (Country) French
French form of Graecia (see Greece).

Grécia (Country) Portuguese
Portuguese form of Graecia (see Greece).

Grècia (Country) Catalan
Catalan form of Graecia (see Greece).

Grecia (Country) Italian, Spanish
Italian and Spanish form of Graecia (see Greece).

Grecja (Country) Polish
Polish form of Graecia (see Greece).

Greece (Country) English
English form of Latin Graecia, the name used by the Romans for the land of the Greeks, derived from Greek Γραικός (Graikos), which is of uncertain origin. It is possibly derived from the city of Graia in Boeotia.

Griechenland (Country) German
From German Grieche "Greek" and Land. This is the German name for Greece.

Griekenland (Country) Dutch
From Dutch Griek "Greek" and land. This is the Dutch name for Greece.

Grieķija (Country) Latvian
Latvian form of Graecia (see Greece).

Gruziya (Country) Russian, Bulgarian
Russian and Bulgarian form of Gorj, used as the name for the country of Georgia.

Hailey (Settlement) English
From Old English heg "hay" and leah "woodland, clearing". This is the name of a town in Oxfordshire, England.

Hamilton (Settlement) English
Means "crooked hill" from Old English hamel "crooked, mutilated" and dun "hill". This was the name of a town in Leicestershire, England (which no longer exists). After the town name became a surname, it was used for several other cities, including ones in Scotland, Canada, Australia and the United States.

Harden (Settlement) English
From Old English hara "hare" and denu "valley". This is the name of a town in West Yorkshire.

Harel (Other) Biblical Hebrew
Means "altar, mountain of God" in Hebrew. In the Hebrew Old Testament this name is applied to the altar in the temple in Jerusalem (Ezekiel 43:15).

Harford (Settlement) English
From Old English heorot "hart, male deer" or here "army" combined with ford "ford, river crossing". This is the name of towns in England.

Harimathaia (Settlement) Biblical Greek
Greek form of Arimathea.

Harley (Settlement) English
From Old English hara "hare" or hær "rock, heap of stones" and leah "woodland, clearing". This is the name of towns in England.

Harvatiya (Country) Bulgarian
Bulgarian form of Croatia.

Hayastan (Country) Armenian
From the Armenian word հայ (hay) meaning "Armenian" combined with the Persian suffix ستان (stan) meaning "land of". This is the Armenian name for Armenia.

Hellada (Country) Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek form of Ellada.

Hend (Country) Persian
Persian form of India.

Hendustan (Country) Persian
Extended form of هند (Hend), the Persian form of India, using the suffix ستان (stan) meaning "land of".

Hierousalem (Settlement) Biblical Greek
Biblical Greek form of Jerusalem.

Hierusalem (Settlement) Biblical Latin
Biblical Latin form of Jerusalem.

Hind (Country) Arabic
Arabic form of India, usually written with the definite article: الهند (al-Hind).

Hindistan (Country) Turkish, Azerbaijani, Turkmen, Uyghur
Turkish, Azerbaijani, Turkmen and Uyghur form of Hendustan, used as the name of the country of India.

Hindiston (Country) Uzbek
Uzbek form of Hendustan.

Hindustan (Country) Hindi, Urdu, English (Archaic)
Alternate name for India, of Persian origin.

Hispania (Country) Ancient Roman
Latin form of Spain, referring originally to the entire Iberian Peninsula.

Hiszpania (Country) Polish
Polish form of Hispania (see Spain).

Hofwegen (Settlement) Dutch
From Dutch hof meaning "yard, court" and weg meaning "way, path, road". This is the name of a town in the Netherlands.

Holandia (Country) Polish
Polish form of Holland 1, referring to the entire country of the Netherlands.

Holandija (Country) Serbian
Serbian form of Holland 1, referring to the entire country of the Netherlands.

Holandiya (Country) Bulgarian
Bulgarian form of Holland 1, referring to the provinces and sometimes the entire country.

Holland 1 (Political Subdivision & Country) Dutch, English, German, Danish, Icelandic
From Old Dutch holt "forest" and lant "land". This is the name of two provinces (North and South Holland) in the Netherlands. It is sometimes informally used to refer to the entire country of the Netherlands.

Holland 2 (Settlement) English
From Old English hoh "point of land, heel" and land "land". This is the name of several towns in England.

Hollanda (Country) Turkish
Turkish form of Holland 1, referring to the entire country of the Netherlands.

Hollande (Political Subdivision & Country) French
French form of Holland 1, referring to the provinces and sometimes the entire country.

Holsteen (Political Subdivision & Region) Low German
Low German form of Holstein.

Holstein (Political Subdivision & Region) German, English, Dutch
From the name of a Saxon tribe, derived from Old Saxon holt meaning "wood" and the suffix -setio meaning "inhabitant". This is the name of a historical region in Germany, near the Danish border. It forms part of the name of the modern German state of Schleswig-Holstein.

Holsten (Political Subdivision & Region) Danish
Danish form of Holstein.

Hongarije (Country) Dutch
Dutch form of Hungary.

Hongarye (Country) Afrikaans
Afrikaans form of Hungary.

Hongria (Country) Catalan
Catalan form of Hungary.

Hongrie (Country) French
French form of Hungary.

Hořovice (Settlement) Czech
From Czech hora meaning "mountain". This is the name of a town in the Czech Republic.

Horowitz (Settlement) German
German form of Hořovice.

Houston (Settlement) Scottish, English
Means "Hugh's town", from the given name Hugh and Old English tun meaning "enclosure, town". This is the name of a town in Scotland. The American city of Houston is named after the Texas president Sam Houston (1793-1863), whose surname is derived from the Scottish town.

Hrvaška (Country) Slovene
Slovene form of Croatia.

Hrvatska (Country) Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian, Macedonian
Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian and Macedonian form of Croatia.

Huashengdun (Settlement & Political Subdivision) Chinese
Chinese form of Washington.

Hungaria (Country) Late Roman, Albanian, Armenian, Indonesian
Latin, Albanian, Armenian and Indonesian form of Hungary.

Hungary (Country) English
From Latin Hungaria, derived from Byzantine Greek Οὔγγροι (Oungroi), from Turkic Onogur meaning "ten tribes". This is the name of a country in Eastern Europe that was settled by the Hungarians in the 9th century. Because they were identified with the Huns, the H was added to the beginning of their Latin name. The Hungarian name for the country is Magyarország.

Hungría (Country) Spanish
Spanish form of Hungary.

Hungria (Country) Portuguese
Portuguese form of Hungary.

Hut-Ka-Ptah (Other) Ancient Egyptian (Hypothetical)
Ancient Egyptian name (reconstructed) of the temple of Ptah in Memphis (see Egypt).

Huxley (Settlement) English
From Old English hux "insult, scorn" (possibly) and leah "woodland, clearing". This is the name of a town in Cheshire, England.

Hviderusland (Country) Danish
Means "white Russia", a Danish calque of Belarus.

Hviterussland (Country) Norwegian
Means "white Russia", a Norwegian calque of Belarus.

Iémen (Country) Portuguese (European)
European Portuguese form of Yemen.

Iêmen (Country) Portuguese (Brazilian)
Brazilian Portuguese form of Yemen.

Iemen (Country) Catalan, Galician, Japanese
Catalan, Galician and Japanese form of Yemen.

Iemeni (Country) Georgian
Georgian form of Yemen.

Ierland (Country & Island) Dutch
Dutch form of Ireland.

Ierousalim (Settlement) Greek
Modern Greek form of Jerusalem.

Ilion (Settlement) Ancient Greek
Greek form of Ilium.

Ilium (Settlement) Ancient Greek (Latinized)
From Greek Ἴλιον (Ilion), probably of Luwian or Hittite origin. This was another name for the ancient city of Troy.

Inde (Country) French
French form of India.

Índia (Country) Portuguese, Catalan, Occitan
Portuguese, Catalan and Occitan form of India.

India (Country) English, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Norwegian, Estonian, Slovak, Hungarian, Romanian, Albanian, Greek, Indonesian, Malay, Thai, Tagalog, Ancient Roman, Ancient Greek
Derived from the name of the Indus River. In many languages of India, the name Bharat is used to refer to the country. However, some southern Indian languages use spellings based on English India.

Indie (Country) Polish, Czech
Polish and Czech form of India.

Indien (Country) German, Swedish, Danish
German, Swedish and Danish form of India.

Indija (Country) Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene, Macedonian, Latvian, Lithuanian
Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene, Macedonian, Latvian and Lithuanian form of India.

Indiya (Country) Telugu, Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Kyrgyz, Tagalog
Telugu, Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Kyrgyz and Tagalog form of India.

Indiyawa (Country) Sinhalese
Sinhala form of India.

Indo (Country) Japanese, Korean
Japanese and Korean form of India. It is usually written in katakana in Japan and Hangul in Korea.

Indoneshia (Country) Japanese
Japanese form of Indonesia.

Indonésia (Country) Javanese, Sundanese, Portuguese
Javanese, Sundanese and Portuguese form of Indonesia.

Indonesia (Country) Indonesian, Malay, Buginese, Minangkabau, English, Italian, Spanish, Norwegian, Finnish, Korean
From Greek Ἰνδός (Indos), referring to the Indus, combined with νῆσος (nesos) meaning "island". This name has been used since the 18th century by colonial powers to refer to the Indonesian archipelago and since 1945 to refer to the independent nation.

Indonésie (Country) French, Czech
French and Czech form of Indonesia.

Indonesië (Country) Dutch
Dutch form of Indonesia.

Indonesien (Country) German, Swedish, Danish
German, Swedish and Danish form of Indonesia.

Indonēzija (Country) Latvian
Latvian form of Indonesia.

Indonezija (Country) Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene, Macedonian, Lithuanian
Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene, Macedonian and Lithuanian form of Indonesia.

Indonezya (Country) Hebrew
Hebrew form of Indonesia.

Indonisha (Country) Burmese
Burmese form of Indonesia.

Indonisia (Country) Greek, Thai
Greek and Thai form of Indonesia.

Indos (River) Ancient Greek
Greek form of Indus.

Indunisiyawa (Country) Sinhalese
Sinhalese form of Indonesia.

Indus (River) English, Ancient Roman
From Old Persian Hindus, which was from Sanskrit सिन्धु (Sindhu) meaning "body of trembling water, river". This is the name of a river in Pakistan and India.

Inghilterra (Country) Italian
Italian form of Anglae Terra, used as the Italian name of England.

Inglaterra (Country) Spanish, Portuguese
Spanish and Portuguese form of Anglae Terra, used for England.

Intia (Country) Finnish
Finnish form of India.

Intiya (Country) Tamil
Tamil form of India.

Intya (Country) Malayalam
Malayalam form of India.

Iordan (River) Russian, Romanian
Russian and Romanian form of Jordan (the river).

Iordanes (River) Biblical Greek, Biblical Latin
Greek and Latin form of Jordan.

Iordania (Country) Romanian, Greek, Georgian
Romanian, Greek and Georgian form of Jordan (the country).

Iordanis (River) Greek
Modern Greek form of Jordan (the river).

Iordaniya (Country) Russian
Russian form of Jordan (the country).

Irã (Country) Portuguese
Portuguese form of Iran.

Irák (Country) Czech
Czech form of Iraq.

Irak (Country) German, French, Spanish, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Finnish, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovak, Greek, Turkish, Armenian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Thai, Lao, Mongolian, Indonesian
Form of Iraq in several languages.

Irāka (Country) Latvian
Latvian form of Iraq.

Irakas (Country) Lithuanian
Lithuanian form of Iraq.

Írán (Country) Czech
Czech form of Iran.

İran (Country) Azerbaijani, Turkish
Azerbaijani and Turkish form of Iran.

Irán (Country) Spanish, Slovak, Hungarian
Spanish, Slovak and Hungarian form of Iran.

Iran (Country) Persian, Arabic, English, French, Italian, German, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Finnish, Romanian, Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovene, Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Greek, Hebrew, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Urdu, Hindi, Indonesian, Malay, Burmese, Thai, Tagalog, Japanese, Korean, Mongolian
Derived from Middle Persian Eran, related to Old Iranian Arya meaning "Iranian, Aryan". This is the name of a country in western Asia, formerly called Persia in the West.

Irāna (Country) Latvian
Latvian form of Iran.

Iranas (Country) Lithuanian
Lithuanian form of Iran.

İraq (Country) Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani form of Iraq.

Iraq (Country) Arabic, English, Italian, Catalan, Malay
From Arabic العراق (al-'Iraq), probably derived from the name of the ancient Sumerian/Akkadian city of Uruk. This is the name of a country in the Middle East.

Ireland (Country & Island) English
Derived from Irish Gaelic Éire and English land. This is the name of an island to the west of Great Britain. The country of Ireland occupies the majority of the island.

Irland (Country & Island) German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish
German, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish form of Ireland.

Irlanda (Country & Island) Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian
Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Romanian form of Ireland.

Irlande (Country & Island) French
French form of Ireland.

Irlandia (Country & Island) Polish, Greek, Georgian, Indonesian
Polish, Greek, Georgian and Indonesian form of Ireland.

Irlandiya (Country & Island) Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian
Russian, Ukrainian and Bulgarian form of Ireland.

Irska (Country & Island) Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian, Macedonian, Slovene
Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian, Macedonian and Slovene form of Éire.

Irsko (Country & Island) Czech
Czech form of Éire.

Isbaniya (Country) Arabic
Arabic form of Hispania (see Spain).

Isin (Settlement) Sumerian
Meaning unknown. This was the name of a city-state in Mesopotamia, originally Sumerian.

Iskandariyah (Settlement) Arabic
Arabic form of Alexandria, usually written with the definite article: الإسكندرية (al-Iskandariyah).

Ispanija (Country) Lithuanian
Lithuanian form of Hispania (see Spain).

İspaniya (Country) Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani form of Hispania (see Spain).

Ispaniya (Country) Russian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tajik, Uzbek
Form of Hispania (see Spain).

İspanya (Country) Turkish
Turkish form of Hispania (see Spain).

Israël (Country) Dutch, French
Dutch and French form of Israel.

Israel (Country) English, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, German, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Finnish, Indonesian, Malay, Biblical, Biblical Greek
From the name of the Old Testament hero Jacob, who was also called Israel. This was the name of an ancient kingdom that existed until the 8th century BC. The modern country of Israel is named for it.

Israele (Country) Italian
Italian form of Israel.

Israhel (Country) Biblical Latin
Latin form of Israel.

İsrail (Country) Turkish, Azerbaijani
Turkish and Azerbaijani form of Israel.

Itali (Country) Malay, Mongolian, Burmese
Malay, Mongolian and Burmese form of Italia (see Italy).

Itália (Country) Portuguese
Portuguese form of Italia (see Italy).

Italia (Country) Italian, Spanish, Greek, Romanian, Norwegian, Finnish, Georgian, Indonesian, Ancient Roman
Italian and Latin form of Italy, as well as the form in several other languages.

Itálie (Country) Czech
Czech form of Italia (see Italy).

Italie (Country) French
French form of Italia (see Italy).

Italië (Country) Dutch
Dutch form of Italia (see Italy).

Italien (Country) German, Swedish, Danish
German, Swedish and Danish form of Italia (see Italy).

Itālija (Country) Latvian
Latvian form of Italia (see Italy).

Italija (Country) Slovene, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian, Lithuanian
Slovene, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian and Lithuanian form of Italia (see Italy).

Italiya (Country) Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Kazakh, Uzbek, Arabic, Persian
Form of Italy in several languages.

Itallia (Country) Korean
Korean form of Italia (see Italy).

Italy (Country) English
Anglicized form of Italia, originally applied by the Greeks to the south of the Italian Peninsula. It may have been borrowed from Oscan Víteliú possibly meaning "land of bulls". According to Roman mythology, the region was named for Italus, though in fact it was he who was named for the region.

Itaria (Country) Japanese
Japanese form of Italia (see Italy).

Ithaca (Island) English, Greek Mythology
From Greek Ἰθάκη (Ithake), meaning unknown. This is the name of an island off the west coast of Greece. In Greek mythology Ithaca was the home of the hero Odysseus. Homer's epic the Odyssey describes his long and perilous voyage home after the Trojan War.

Ithake (Island) Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek form of Ithaca.

Ithaki (Island) Greek
Modern Greek form of Ithaca.

Ityoppya (Country) Amharic
Amharic form of Ethiopia.

Izrael (Country) Czech, Polish, Hungarian, Croatian, Slovene, Serbian, Bulgarian, Macedonian
Form of Israel.

Izrail (Country) Russian
Russian form of Israel.

Izrayil (Country) Ukrainian
Ukrainian form of Israel.

Janków (Settlement) Polish
From the given name Janek. This is the name of several Polish towns.

Jankowo (Settlement) Polish
From the given name Janek. This is the name of several towns in Poland.

Janów (Settlement) Polish
From the given name Jan 1. This is the name of several towns in Poland.

Janowice (Settlement) Polish
From the given name Jan 1. This is the name of a number of towns in Poland.

Janowo (Settlement) Polish
From the given name Jan 1. This is the name of several towns in Poland.

Jayhun (River) Arabic
Arabic form of Gihon, used also as the name of the Amu Darya river in central Asia.

Jemen (Country) German, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Dutch, Afrikaans, Finnish, Hungarian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovene, Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian, Macedonian
Form of Yemen in several languages.

Jemena (Country) Latvian
Latvian form of Yemen.

Jemenas (Country) Lithuanian
Lithuanian form of Yemen.

Jericho (Settlement) English, Biblical
Meaning uncertain, possibly related to the Hebrew word יָרֵחַ (yareach) meaning "moon", or otherwise to the Hebrew word רֵיחַ (reyach) meaning "fragrant". This is the name of a city in Palestine, mentioned several times in the Old Testament.

Jerozolima (Settlement) Polish
Polish form of Jerusalem.

Jérusalem (Settlement) French
French form of Jerusalem.

Jerusalém (Settlement) Portuguese
Portuguese form of Jerusalem.

Jerusalem (Settlement) English, German, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Finnish, Luxembourgish, Afrikaans, Catalan, Bosnian, Biblical
From Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yerushalayim), from an earlier Canaanite form like Urushalim, probably meaning "established by (the god) Shalim". This is the name of a city in Israel and Palestine. Originally a Canaanite city, it was conquered by the Israelites under King David at the beginning of the 10th century BC. It is now regarded as a holy city by Jews, Christians and Muslims.

Jerusalén (Settlement) Spanish
Spanish form of Jerusalem.

Jerusalim (Settlement) Serbian
Serbian form of Jerusalem.

Jeruzalem (Settlement) Dutch, Slovak, Slovene, Croatian
Dutch, Slovak, Slovene and Croatian form of Jerusalem.

Jierjisisitan (Country) Chinese
Chinese form of Kyrgyzstan.

Jordaan (River) Dutch
Dutch form of Jordan (the river).

Jordaania (Country) Estonian
Estonian form of Jordan (the country).

Jordán (River) Spanish, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian
Spanish, Czech, Slovak and Hungarian form of Jordan (the river).

Jordan (River & Country) English, Danish, Norwegian, Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian, Macedonian, German, Swedish, Finnish, Estonian, Polish, Slovene, Biblical
River that flows between the countries of Jordan and Israel. The river's name in Hebrew is יַרְדֵן (Yarden), and it is derived from יָרַד (yarad) meaning "descend" or "flow down". The river has lent its name to the country to the east (in German, Swedish, Finnish, Estonian, Polish and Slovene this is only the name of the river, with the name of the country taking a different form).

Jordania (Country) Spanish, Finnish, Polish
Spanish, Finnish and Polish form of Jordan (the country).

Jordanie (Country) French
French form of Jordan (the country).

Jordanië (Country) Dutch
Dutch form of Jordan (the country).

Jordanien (Country) German, Swedish
German and Swedish form of Jordan (the country).

Jordanija (Country) Slovene, Lithuanian
Slovene and Lithuanian form of Jordan (the country).

Jourdain (River) French
French form of Jordan (the river).

Jurjiya (Country) Arabic
Arabic form of Gorj. This is the Arabic name for the country of Georgia.

Kailash (Mountain) Hindi, Marathi
Possibly from Sanskrit केलास (kelas) meaning "crystal". This is the name of a mountain in the Himalayas that is believed to be the paradise of the Hindu god Shiva.

Kailasha (Mountain) Sanskrit
Sanskrit form of Kailash.

Kənan (Region) Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani form of Canaan.

Karmel (Mountain) Biblical Hebrew
Means "garden, vineyard" in Hebrew. This is the name of a mountain in Israel mentioned in the Old Testament.

Karpati (Region) Serbian, Croatian
Serbian and Croatian form of Carpathians.

Kárpátok (Region) Hungarian
Hungarian form of Carpathians.

Karpaty (Region) Polish, Slovak, Czech
Polish, Slovak and Czech form of Carpathians.

Kasachstan (Country) German
German form of Kazakh Қазақстан (see Kazakhstan).

Kashi (Settlement) Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Sanskrit
From Sanskrit काशि (kashi) meaning "shining". This is the name of a holy city in India, also called Varanasi.

Kazachstan (Country) Dutch, Polish, Slovak
Dutch, Polish and Slovak form of Kazakh Қазақстан (see Kazakhstan).

Kazahstan (Country) Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Romanian
Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene, Bulgarian, Macedonian and Romanian form of Kazakh Қазақстан (see Kazakhstan).

Kazajistán (Country) Spanish
Spanish form of Kazakh Қазақстан (see Kazakhstan).

Kazakhstan (Country) English, Russian, Ukrainian, French
From Kazakh Қазақстан (Qazaqstan), from the ethnic name қазақ (qazaq), which is probably of Turkic origin, combined with the Persian suffix ستان (stan) meaning "land of". This is the name of a country in central Asia.

Kazakistan (Country) Italian, Turkish
Italian and Turkish form of Kazakh Қазақстан (see Kazakhstan).

Kazakstan (Country) Kyrgyz, Greek, Finnish, Swedish
Kyrgyz, Greek, Finnish and Swedish form of Kazakh Қазақстан (see Kazakhstan).

Kemet (Region) Ancient Egyptian
From Egyptian km meaning "black", referring to the colour of the soil around the Nile River. This was the Ancient Egyptian name for the Nile Valley in Egypt.

Kena'an (Region) Biblical Hebrew
Hebrew form of Canaan.

Kenan (Region) Turkish
Turkish form of Canaan.

Kendal (Settlement) English
From the name of the river Kent combined with Old English dæl meaning "valley, dale". This is the name of a town in Cumbria.

Kent (Political Subdivision & River) English
Possibly from a Brythonic element meaning "border, edge, coast". This is the name of a historic kingdom and modern county in southeastern England, called Cent in Old English, Cantium in Latin. It is also the name of a river in Cumbria, northwestern England.

Kerry (Political Subdivision) Irish
From Irish Gaelic Ciarraí meaning "Ciar's people". This is the name of an Irish county.

Khorvatiya (Country) Russian, Ukrainian
Russian and Ukrainian form of Croatia.

Kıbrıs (Island & Country) Turkish
Turkish form of Cyprus.

Kimberley (Settlement) English
Means either "Cyneburga's field", "Cynebald's field" or "Cynemær's field". This is the name of towns in Warwickshire, Nottinghamshire and Norfolk. In the case of the city in South Africa, it was named after John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley (1826-1902). His title was taken from the name of the town in Norfolk.

Kina (Country) Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian, Albanian, Greek
Form of China.

Kingsley (Settlement) English
From Old English cyning "king" and leah "woodland, clearing". This is the name of several towns in England.

Kingston (Settlement) English
From Old English cyning "king" and tun "enclosure, yard, town". This is the name of many towns in England, as well as other parts of the English-speaking world (including the capital of Jamaica).

Kirghizistan (Country) French, Italian
French and Italian form of Kyrgyzstan.

Kirghizstan (Country) French
Variant form of Kirghizistan.

Kirgisistan (Country) German, Danish, Norwegian
German, Danish and Norwegian form of Kyrgyzstan.

Kirgistan (Country) Polish, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Macedonian, Icelandic, German
Form of Kyrgyzstan in several languages, as well as a German variant.

Kırgızistan (Country) Turkish
Turkish form of Kyrgyzstan.

Kirguistán (Country) Spanish
Spanish form of Kyrgyzstan.

Kirguizistán (Country) Spanish
Variant form of Kirguistán.

Köln (Settlement) German
German form of Cologne.

Kolumbien (Country & Political Subdivision) German
German form of Colombia and sometimes of Columbia (for example Britisch-Kolumbien for British Columbia).

Kolumbija (Country, Region, Settlement & Political Subdivision) Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene, Macedonian, Latvian, Lithuanian
Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene, Macedonian, Latvian and Lithuanian form of Columbia and Colombia.

Kolumbiya (Country, Region, Settlement & Political Subdivision) Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian
Russian, Ukrainian and Bulgarian form of Columbia and Colombia.

Kordestan (Region) Persian
Persian form of Kurdistan.

Korinthos (Settlement) Ancient Greek, Greek
Greek form of Corinth.

Kozłów (Settlement) Polish
From Polish kozioł meaning "male goat". This is the name of several Polish towns.

Kozłowo (Settlement) Polish
From Polish kozioł meaning "male goat". This is the name of several towns in Poland.

Kroasië (Country) Afrikaans
Afrikaans form of Croatia.

Kroatia (Country) Norwegian, Finnish, Greek
Norwegian, Finnish and Greek form of Croatia.

Kroatië (Country) Dutch
Dutch form of Croatia.

Kroatien (Country) German, Swedish, Danish
German, Swedish and Danish form of Croatia.

Kürdistan (Region) Turkish
Turkish form of Kurdistan.

Kurdistan (Region) Kurdish, Arabic, English, French, German, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Russian
From Kurdish کوردستان (Kurdistan), from the Persian ethnic name کرد (Kord) meaning "Kurd" combined with the Persian suffix ستان (stan) meaning "land of". This is the name of the region in the midst of Iran, Iraq and Turkey that is primarily inhabited by the Kurdish people.

Kynaston (Settlement) English
Means "Cynefrith's town" in Old English. This is the name of hamlets in Herefordshire and Shropshire.

Kypros (Island & Country) Greek, Norwegian, Ancient Greek
Greek and Norwegian form of Cyprus.

Kyrgyzstan (Country) Kyrgyz, English
From Kyrgyz Кыргызстан (Kyrgyzstan), a combination of the name of the Kyrgyz people and the Persian suffix ستان (stan) meaning "land of". The ethnic name may be derived from the Turkic word kyrk meaning "forty". This is the name of a country in central Asia.

La Mare (Settlement) Medieval French
Means "the pool" in Old French. This was the name of a town in Normandy.

Landan (Settlement) Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Hindi, Nepali, Burmese, Hausa
Form of London in several languages.

Langley (Settlement) English
From Old English lang "long" and leah "woodland, clearing". This is the name of numerous towns in the United Kingdom and North America.

Langobardia (Region) Late Roman
Late Latin name for the realms of the Lombards in Italy (see Lombardy).

Lauretum (Settlement) Ancient Roman
Latin form of Loreto.

Layton (Settlement) English
From Old English leac "leek, herb" and tun "enclosure, yard, town". This is the name of towns in England.

Lechi (Region) Biblical Hebrew
Hebrew form of Lehi.

Lefkorosia (Country) Greek
Means "white Russia", a Greek calque of Belarus.

Lehi (Region) Biblical
Means "jawbone" in Hebrew. In the Old Testament this is the name of the site where the hero Samson killed 1,000 men using only a donkey's jawbone.

Leighton (Settlement) English
Variant of Layton. This is the name of several English towns.

Lëtzebuerg (Country, Settlement & Political Subdivision) Luxembourgish
Luxembourgish form of Luxembourg.

Leudonia (Political Subdivision) Late Roman
Latin form of Lothian.

Libéria (Country) French, Portuguese, Hungarian, Slovak
French, Portuguese, Hungarian and Slovak form of Liberia.

Liberia (Country) English, German, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Italian, Spanish, Polish
Derived from Latin liber meaning "free". This was the name of a colony established in Western Africa by free African Americans in the 1820s. It declared its independence in 1847, and was one of only two independent countries in Africa in the early 20th century (along with Ethiopia).

Libērija (Country) Latvian
Latvian form of Liberia.

Liberija (Country) Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene, Macedonian, Lithuanian
Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene, Macedonian and Lithuanian form of Liberia.

Líbía (Country) Icelandic
Icelandic form of Libya.

Líbia (Country) Portuguese, Catalan, Hungarian
Portuguese, Catalan and Hungarian form of Libya.

Libia (Country) Italian, Spanish, Polish, Albanian, Armenian, Georgian, Thai
Form of Libya in several languages.

Libië (Country) Dutch, Afrikaans
Dutch and Afrikaans form of Libya.

Lībija (Country) Latvian
Latvian form of Libya.

Libija (Country) Lithuanian, Slovene, Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian, Macedonian
Form of Libya in several languages.

Libiya (Country) Arabic, Bulgarian, Tajik, Hindi, Bengali, Nepali, Urdu, Chinese
Form of Libya in several languages.

Libya (Country & Region) Berber, English, Norwegian, Finnish, Turkish, Hausa, Swahili, Indonesian, Malay, Tagalog, Ancient Roman
From Λιβύη (Libye), the Ancient Greek name for North Africa. It was derived from the Berber tribe of the Libu, attested as rbw in Ancient Egyptian. This name was revived in 1934 when the Italian colonies of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica were merged, carrying forward when the country gained independence in 1951. It is called ليبيا (Libiya) in Arabic.

Libye (Country & Region) French, Czech, Ancient Greek
French and Czech form of Libya, as well as the Ancient Greek transcription.

Libyen (Country) German, Danish, Swedish
German, Danish and Swedish form of Libya.

Linton (Settlement) English
From Old English lind "linden tree" or lin "flax" combined with tun meaning "enclosure, yard, town". This is the name of several towns in the United Kingdom.

Linwood (Settlement) English
From Old English lind "linden tree" and wudu meaning "wood, forest". This is the name of a few English towns.

Lione (Settlement) Italian
Italian form of Lyon.

Liuksemburgas (Country, Settlement & Political Subdivision) Lithuanian
Lithuanian form of Luxembourg.

Liviya (Country) Russian, Ukrainian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Azerbaijani
Form of Libya in several languages.

Livyi (Country) Greek
Modern Greek form of Libya.

Lodainn (Political Subdivision) Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic form of Lothian.

Lombardia (Political Subdivision) Italian
Italian form of Lombardy.

Lombardy (Political Subdivision) English
From Italian Lombardia, from Late Latin Langobardia, the name of a region in northern Italy, which was named after the Germanic Langobards (or Lombards as they are more often called), a people who invaded and occupied Italy in the 6th century. The Lombards' name is derived from lang "long" and bart "beard". In modern Italy this is now an administrative region, with a capital at Milan.

Londen (Settlement) Dutch
Dutch form of London.

Londinium (Settlement) Ancient Roman
Latin form of London.

London (Settlement) English, German, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Estonian, Russian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Indonesian
From Latin Londinium, of unknown meaning. This is the capital city of the United Kingdom.

Londona (Settlement) Latvian
Latvian form of London.

Londonas (Settlement) Lithuanian
Lithuanian form of London.

Londra (Settlement) Italian, Turkish
Italian and Turkish form of London.

Londres (Settlement) French, Spanish, Portuguese
French, Spanish and Portuguese form of London.

Londýn (Settlement) Czech, Slovak
Czech and Slovak form of London.

Londyn (Settlement) Polish
Polish form of London.

Lontoo (Settlement) Finnish
Finnish form of London.

Lorena (Political Subdivision) Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian
Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Romanian form of Lorraine.

Loreto (Settlement) Italian, Spanish
From Latin Lauretum meaning "laurel grove". This is the name of a town in eastern Italy.

Lorette (Settlement) French
French form of Loreto.

Lorraine (Political Subdivision) French, English
Ultimately from Latin Lothari regnum meaning "kingdom of Lothar". Lothar was a Frankish king, the great-grandson of Charlemagne, whose realm was in the part of France now called Lorraine, or in German Lothringen.

Lothari Regnum (Political Subdivision) Late Roman
Latin form of Lorraine.